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2018陕西在职研究生考研英语长难句分析8
But many shippers complain that for heavy bulkcommodities traveling long distances, such as coal,chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and therailroads therefore have them by the throat.
译文：但许多客户却抱怨说，对于长途运输的大宗商品来说，如煤炭、化学制品和粮食，由于公路运输花费太大，因此铁路公司就会制约他们的发展。
点睛：本句的主干为…shippers complain that.。that引导的宾语从句是一个由and连接的并列句，其结构为…trucking is too costly and the railroads…havethem by the throat。前一个分句中，for heavy bulk commodities作状语，分词短语traveling longdistances作commodities的后置定语。have(take catch，seize)by the throat意为“扼住了某人的脖子”，引申为“控制了关系他人存亡的关键”。
I will take fate by the throat; it will not bend me completely to its will.
我要扼住命运的咽喉，它决不能使我完全屈服。
The policeman took the pickpocket by the throat.
警察扼住扒手的脖子。
考点归纳：与throat相关的短语还有：
be at each other’s throats激烈争吵
be at the top of one's throat放大声音
clear one's throat清嗓子
cram sth. down sb.’s throat强行向某人灌输
cut one's own throat割喉自杀，自取灭亡
be full up to the throat吃得很饱
cut the throat of消灭，扼杀
have a bone in one's throat难以启齿
| 重点单词 | 发音 | 解释 |
| complain | [kəm'plein] | vi. 抱怨，悲叹，控诉 |
| bend | [bend] |
v. 弯曲，使弯曲，屈服，屈从 n. 弯曲，弯 |
| bulk | [bʌlk] |
n. 体积，容积，大批，大块，大部分 vt. |
| costly | ['kɔstli] |
adj. 昂贵的，代价高的 |
